Costs and Benefits of Speeding up Reporting Formalities in Maritime Transport

Clinical Governance: Costs and Benefits

External costs of Transportation Case study : maritime transport

A sustainable transport system needs a cost accounting and full cost-pricing systems reflecting economicfactors which originate from transport activity inhibiting sustainable development (namely, externalities; spillovereffects and non-priced inter-sectorial linkages; public goods; uncompetitive markets; myopic planning horizonsand high discount rates; risk and uncertainty, irre...

Speeding Up Shortest Path Search in Public Transport Networks

The searching for the shortest path in public transport networks can take more time than is acceptable for given situation. We have therefore searched for methods that speed up the given calculation. The approach, when the calculation is not performed on the original network but on the simplified one, seems to be very promising. The path found in the simplified network can be easily mapped to a...

Benefits and Costs of Transport Classification, Methodologies and Policies

This paper discusses a number of issues centred around the evaluation of the benefits and costs of transport. It is argued that, for various reasons, transport cannot be treated as an ‘ordinary’ economic sector, and in the paper the policy implications of a number of the sector’s peculiarities are addressed. Both efficiency aspects and considerations of equity and social feasibility of policies...

Rounding up the costs and benefits of herbicide use.

I n recent years, we have seen an exponential increase in the use of herbicides, such as RoundUp, that contain the active ingredient glyphosate (1). Glyphosate kills plants by inhibiting the production of aromatic amino acids in the shikimate pathway (2). This herbicide is popular because it works well and has been shown to be relatively ecologically ‘‘safe’’; it has low toxicity to animals, in...